Numerous banks offer some great financial products in India. But if you’re looking for swiftness, variety and efficiency, who do you turn to? NBFCs (Non-Banking Financial Companies) are save-the-day institutions that provide a plethora of financial products like loans, credit facility, stock investments and Term Finance Certificates (TFCs: instruments issued by companies to generate short and medium term funds), and they do it quicker and with fewer procedures than banks. Some even use NBFC Softwares in order to speed up the process.
These are companies that, just like banks, offer loans, advances, stocks, bonds, debentures, securities, retirement funds, mutual funds and umpteen more products to the general public, without being classified as a bank. Regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs, NBFCs are not allowed to take deposits of any kind from the public. The 9600-odd NBFCs in India account for about 12.5% of its overall GDP and their outreach extends from big metropolises to urban settlements and even rural areas.
These non-bank lenders push through chit-reserves, pension funds and alternative investments by servicing SMEs, start-ups and individuals. The financial year 2018-19 saw the NBFC sector swell to ₹30.9 lakh crores, a 15.2% increase from the previous year. Not only do NBFCs generate employment opportunities for people outside the banking sector, but they are critical for liquidity in a vibrant Indian financial market.
NBFCs have in recent times, adopted strong technological tools like softwares and applications to penetrate tier-3 and tier-4 towns in India and facilitate lending to up-and-coming individuals and enterprises. Their transparency, speed of service and flexibility make them better choices for borrowing than traditional banks.
NBFCs have pierced through an assortment of sectors like asset financing, micro financing, mortgages, infrastructure financing and other investments. In today’s volatile Indian economy, making the right selection of NBFC to avail a product has become very difficult. However, some of them are using high potential NBFC Softwares to ease the process. Throw in the COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic this year, and the decision process is even tougher. But here’s a silver lining – with the following criteria, hopefully the right choice will come to mind in no time.
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Founded by the legendary Rahul Bajaj and currently run by his son Sanjiv Bajaj, this company is a titan NBFC under the Bajaj Finserv Limited banner. It operates across 1,400 branches and employs over 20,000 people. Its portfolio is a goodie bag of products: business loans, gold loans, mortgages, entrepreneur loans, general insurance, health insurance, wealth management services, you name it. The company has a mammoth market cap of ₹2.08 lakh crores, net sales of ₹23,822 crores and is highly diversified.
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Muthoot Finance Ltd. is a gold loan heavyweight NBFC that was established in 1939 by MG Muthoot and leads India’s gold loan and finance market. With net sales of ₹8,714 crores and spread across 4,400 branches, the company also offers foreign exchange services, money transfer and wealth management. It’s target clientele are small businesses, farmers, traders, vendors and salaried individuals. This market outreach won Muthoot the Skoch Financial Inclusion Award in 2013,a recognition of its extension to offer financial services to rural areas.
Publicly held non-banking financial company Magma Fincorp Limited has been in business since 1989, headquartered in Kolkata and incorporated by current chairman Mayank Poddar. The enterprise has a gamut of products under its portfolio: commercial, car and utility vehicles finance, construction equipment finance, SME loans, used asset finance, housing loans, auto leasing and insurance. Magma’s net profits jumped 3 times from ₹10.64 crores in June 2019 to ₹37.71 crores a year later, netting ₹2,177 crores in sales. It also collected the prestigious “Best NBFC of the Year” award at the 2019 India Banking Summit and Awards.
With “Wealth creation through knowledge” as their core purpose, promoters Motilal Oswal and Raamdeo Agarwal in 1987 founded today’s highly diversified MOFSL. The company works through 6,000 employees in 2,500-plus locations across 550 cities in India and provides a range of products: retail and institutional broking, wealth management, investment banking, private equity, asset management and home loans. It was bestowed ‘Brand of the Year’ award at CNBC TV18 Indian Business Leadership Awards 2018. MOFSL is also technologically forward with advanced NBFC software and informative research reports. Net sales – ₹1,269 crores.
As of mid-2020, CreditAccess Grameen Limited stood in the top-10 list of ‘Highest Market Cap’ non-banking financial companies with ₹8,341 crores. Udaya Kumar Hebbar manages the India operations that is spread across 516 branches in 132 districts in India with ₹1,683 crores in net sales. The company focuses primarily on rural and low-income households with products like family welfare loans, home improvement loans, emergency loans, income generation loans and life insurance. Owing to its rural market outreach, CreditAccess has notched the SKOCH Awards twice – first the Financial Inclusion Award (2013) and the Resilient India Award (2017).
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Another household name on this list is Tata Group with its NBFC arm Tata Capital Limited. It’s a Systematically Important Deposit Accepting Non-Banking Financial Company that was founded in 2007 and is led by Rajiv Sabharwal. Digitally driven, Tata Capital partners with Biz2Credit (online credit resource offering direct funding) to facilitate SMEs. The company offers commercial finance, consumer loans, private equity, investment banking, treasury advisory and credit cards to customers. Net income – ₹296 crores.
A foremost adopter and implementer of a digital ecosystem in the NBFC space, Edelweiss Financial Services was created by Rashesh Shah in 1995. It delivers services like investment banking, private client broking, asset management, investment advisory, insurance broking, wholesale finance to corporate and HNW clients, and more. At the Finnoviti Awards in 2019 and 2020, the company won big, apart from bagging the Best Technology Implementation at CIO Conclave. Net sales – ₹236 crores.
Backed by the Singaporean company Temasek Holdings Pte. Ltd., Fullerton has made waves in the NBFC scene in India. It’s fronted by Rajashree Nambiar and offers unsecured personal, business and group loans in the retail and rural channels. Having gathered a good customer base of 28 lakh people across its 628 branches and total income of ₹5,829 crores, it launched its digital business in 2018 by partnering with aggregators like Paytm. Customers affected by COVID-19 can avail a moratorium on their repayments.
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After smartphone penetration, people are not watching their SMS at all. They use SMS only for OTP related transactions. That’s it.
But What can a Lender see in your SMS after you consent to them?
Lender can see income, expenses, and any other Fixed Obligation like (EMIs/Credit Card).
1) Income – Parameters like Average Salary Credited, Stable Monthly inflows like Rent
2) Expenses – Average monthly debit card transactions, UPI Transactions, Monthly ATM Withdrawal Amount etc
3) Fixed Obligations – Loan payments have been made for the past few months, Credit card transactions.
It also tells the Lender the adverse incidents like
1) Missed Loan payments
2) Cheque bounces
3) Missed Bill Payments like EB, LPG gas bills.
4) POS transaction declines due to insufficient funds.
A massive chunk of data is available in our SMS (more than 700 data points), which helps Lender to make a credit decision.
An interesting insight on vehicle loans for lenders.
A trend we are seeing today – the first-hand vehicle ownership is decreasing with time. Why? People are upgrading their vehicles in every few years because of technological advances. And, this can be seen more with the millennial generation.
So, what should a lender do in terms of financing?
– Estimating the residual value of the vehicle at the start of the financing period.
– Charging a borrower only for the residual value (which is the difference between the value after a few years and the current value)
Example: A bike currently is INR 1 lakh. You want to buy the vehicle for 2 years. A lender will estimate the residual value of that bike today and what it would be after 2 years. If the estimated residual value = INR 45,000, the lender will charge you only that (say, INR 55,000 with interest for this instance) during your tenure.
At the end of 2-year period, you have 3 choices:
1. Return the bike and upgrade to a new one without going through the struggle of selling it.
2. Pay the lump sum remaining amount to own the vehicle outright.
3. Extend the financing and own it by keep paying the EMIs for the remaining amount of the vehicle for the next 12 or 18 months.
Benefits for the borrowers?
– Flexibility to use a vehicle and upgrade to a new one.
– Affordability to not pay for the complete value of the vehicle with the intention to use for a lesser amount of time.
– Convenience in owning the vehicle.
Say goodbye to the old lending option and embrace the new way of financing for vehicle by lenders!
How many of us know this?
1) Tiktok does Lending ( is it an entertainment company or social media company or a fintech company?
2) Youtube China does Lending
3) Top 100 internet companies in China(no matter what business they are in) do Lending
The team which was heading Lending in Tiktok was the Advertisement team. If we do Ads, we do X no of revenue. But if we do lending, we’ll get X+30% more revenue. This is on the same Ad spot.
Ad team has transformed into a lending team, and in today’s world, it’s possible because the subject matter expertise can be put in as an API and given to you.
Embedded Lending as a service is becoming popular in India too, and I am happy to be part of this ecosystem.
The answer is No. Only the top 10 crore people have access to many credit products in India. Almost all Banks focus on this market.
Once you go beyond that, the credit access rate has dropped significantly due to multiple factors.
1) Customers who are having low income(30-40K per month)
2) Not earning from an employer who belongs to Category A or B
3) Not from Tier 1 or 2 cities
NBFCs and Fintechs focus on the above segment, pushing another 10 crores of people.
But in India, 70 crores more people are formally or informally employed, which still needs to be tapped.